QUALITY CONTROL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS

Acheson J. Duncan

Fiyatı:

3. Frequency Distributions of Sample Data
 Types of Data
 1. Construction of a Frequency Distribution 
 2. Characteristics of a Frequency Distribution 
 3. Measuring the Characteristics of a Disrtibution
 4. Exploratory Data Analysis
 5. Problems
 6. Selected References

4. Universe Frequency Distributions 
 1. Distributions of Finite Universes
 2. Distributions of Infinite Universes
 3. Formulas for Distributions of Infinite Universes
 4. Distributions of Relative Frequency as Probability Distributions
 5. Some Important Distributions of Discrete Variable 
 6. Some Important Distributions of Continuous Variable
 7. Some Interrelationships among the Various Distributions 
 8. Tchebychev’s Inequality
 9. Forecasting What a Process Will Do
 10. Distributions of Sums and Differences 
 11. Distributions of Products and Quotients
 12. Problems
 13. Selected References

5. The Sampling Distribution of a Proportion or Fraction
 1. The Sampling 
 2. Problems
 3. Selected References 

6. Other Important Sampling
 1. Sampling Distribution of an Arithmetic Mean
 2. Sampling Distribution of a Variance and Standart Deviation 
 3. Sampling Distribution of the Range of a Small Sample from a Normal Universe 
 4. The Largest and Smallest of a Sample as “Tolerance Limits” for the Individuals of a Universe
 5. A prediction Interval for a Future Sample Result Given a Current Sample
 6. Sampling Distribution of the Statistics

                         X - X’
             T = _______________
                         S / √ n’

 7. Special Statistics Based on the Range 
 8. Problems
 9. Selected References

Part 2. Lot Acceptance Sampling Plans 

7. Acceptance Sampling by Attributes : Single-Sampling Plans
 1. Acceptance Sampling 
 2. Fraction-Nonconforming Attribute Sampling Plans 
 3. Single-Sampling Nonconformities-per-Unit Acceptance Sampling Plans
 4. Formotion of Lots for Inspection
 5. Problems
 6. Selected References 

8. Acceptance Sampling by Attributes: Double and Sequential
Fraction-Nonconforming Sampling Plans 
 1. Double-Sampling Plans 
 2. Item-by-Item Sequential-Sampling Plans
 3. Group Sequential- and Multiple-Sampling Plans
 4. Problems 
 5. Selected References

9. Acceptance Sampling by Attributes: Multiple Fraction-Nonconforming 
Sampling Plans 
 1. Methods of Describing Multiple-Sampling Plans
 2. Computation of the OC Curve for a Multiple-Sampling Plan 
 3. Computation of the ASN Curve for a Multiple-Sampling Plan 
 4. Design of a Multiple-Sampling Plan with a Specified p’1, p’2, α, and β
 5. Problems
 6. Selected References

10. Acceptance Sampling by Attributes: The U.S. Depertment of Defense 
Mil. Std. 105D and Its Civilian Counterparts, ANSI / ASQC Std. Z1.4 
and ISO Std. 2859
 1. Description of Military Standart 105D
 2. The Text of Mil. Std.
 3. Discussion of Mil. Std.
 4. A proposed ANSI / ASQC Z1.4-1981
 5. International Organization fornStandardization (ISO) Standart 2859
 6. A Proposed ANSI / ASQC Standart for an Attribute Skip-Lot Sampling Program 
 7. Problems 
 8. Selected References

11. Acceptance Sampling by Variables to Control the Fraction Nonconforming: 
Standart Deviation Known
 1. The Advantage of Variables Sampling Plans 
 2. Disadvantades of Variables Sampling Plans
 3. Relationship between the Mean and Standart Deviation of a Normally Distributed Process or Lot and Its Fraction Nonconforming 
 4. Variables Sampling Plans when Processes or Lots Are Normally Distributed and the  Standart Deviation Is Known 
 5. A Special Attributes Plan as an Alternative to a Variables Plan when σ’ Is Known
 6. Variables Sampling for Nonnormal Lotsof Known Form
 7. Problems 
 8. Selected References 

12. Acceptance Sampling by Variables to Control the Fraction Nonconforming:
Standart Devaiation Unkown
 1. Derivation of a Variables Plan with a Specified p’1, p’2, α and β
 2. Problems 
 3. Selected References

13. Acceptance Sampling by Variables to Control the Fraction Nonconforming: 
The U.S. Department of Defense Mil. Std. 414 and Related Variables Standart
 1. Description of Military Standart 414
 2. Tables from the Standart 
 3. Discussion of Mil. Std. 414
 4. Deviations from Mil. Std. 414 in the Newer Variables Standarts: ANSI / ASQC  Z1.9-1980 and ISO Std. 3951
 5. How Well the Newer Variables Standarts Match the Attributes Standarts
 6. Special Warning
 7. Problems
 8. Selected References

14. Some Special Topics Pertaining to Lot Sampling 
 1. Comparison of Sampling and Administrative Effiency of Various Types of Lot Sampling Plans 
 2. The Use of Prior Information about the Process
 3. Sampling Plans Indexed by Limiting Quality Values
 4. Lot Sensitive Sampling Plans for High Quality Product
 5. Problems
 6. Selected References

15. Acceptance Sampling by Variables to Give Assurance Regarding the Mean or Standart Deviation of a Process or Lot 
 1. Lot-by-Lot Sampling Plans to Give Assurance Regarding the Mean Quality of a Metarial: Plans Based on the Sample Mean with Known Standart Deviation
 2. Lot-by-Lot Sampling Plans to Give Assurance Regarding the Mean Quality: Universe Standart Deviation Unknown 
 3. Lot-by-Lot Sampling Plans to Give Assurance Regarding the Variability of a Process or Lot 
 4. Tightened and Reduced Inspection
 5. Problems 
 6. Selected References

Part 3. Rectifying Inspection 

16. Rectifying Inspection for Lot-by-Lot Sampling
 1. Recifying Inspection Plans Calling for 100 Percent Inspection of Rejected Lots
 2. Recifying Inspection Plans with Less than 100 Percent Inspection of Rejected Lots
 3. Problems
 4. Selected References 

17. Sampling Plans for Contionus Production 
 1. Difficulties with Lot-by-Lot Plans when Production Is Continuous 
 2. Continuous-Sampling Plans for Inspection by Attributes 
 3. Problems
 4. References

Part 4. Control Charts 

18. The General Theory of Control Charts 
 1. Causes of Variation in Quality
 2. The Theory of Control Charts 
 3. Control Limits
 4. The Operating Characteristics Curve for a Control Chart 
 5. The Size of Sample and Frequency of Sampling for Current Control 
 6. Subgrouping 
 7. The Theory of Runs in Random Data 
 8. Summary of Out-of-Control Criteria
 9. Problems 
 10. Selected References

19. Control Charts for Fraction Noncorforming (p-Charts)
 1. Setting Up a p-Chart-n Costant 
 2. Operation and Revision of the p-Chart
 3. p-Charts with Variable n
 4. The OC Curve for a p-Chart Used to Control Current Output
 5. The ARL Curve for a Single-Limit p-Chart Used to Control Current Output
 6. Size of Sample and Frequency of Sampling for Current Control
 7. The OC Function for a p-Chart Used to Analyze Past Data 
 8. p-Chart and X2 Tests
 9. Problems
 10. Selected References

20. Control Charts for Number of Nonconformities per Unit (c-Charts and u-Charts)
 1. Examples of Use
 2. The Sampling Distribution of the Number of Nonconformities per Unit
 3. Construction and Operation of a c-Chart with a Constant-Size Sample 
 4. The OC-Curve for a c-Chart with a Constant-Size Sample 
 5. The ARL Curve for a Single-Limit c-Chart with a Constant-Size Sample Used to Control Current Output
 6. Determination of the Size of the Sample for Purposes of Current Control
 7. u-Charts
 8. A u-Chart with a Varying-Size Sample 
 9. c-Charts, u-Charts and X2 Tests
 10. Problems
 11. Selected References

21. Variables Control Charts 
 1. X-Charts 
 2. R-Charts
 3. Construction and Operation of a X- and R-Charts
 4. Supplementary Charts of Individual Items
 5. Operating Characteristics of X- and R-Charts Used to Control Current Output
 6. Average Run Length (ARL) Curves for X- and R-Charts Used to Control Current Output
 7. The Design of X- and R-Charts for Current Control 
 8. X- and R-Charts versus p-Charts
 9. Control Charts for Individuals 
 10. Other Variables Control Charts 
 11. Alternatives to Variables Control Chart Analysis
 12. Process Capability Studies 
 13. Problems
 14. Selected References

22. Cunulative Sum Control Charts 
 1. The Advantage of Plotting Cumulative Sums
 2. A One-Sided Decision Procedure
 3. Two-Sided Cumulative Sum Schemes and V-Masks
 4. Design of Ordinary Cusum Charts and V-Masks
 5. A Comparison of Cusum Charts and Shewhart Charts 
 6. Other Cusum Charts
 7. Special Forms of Cusum Masks and More Involved Cusum Schemes
 8. Problems 
 9. Selected References
 
23. Special Devices and Produces
 1. Acceptance Control Charts 
 2. Difference Control Charts 
 3. The LotnPlot Method
 4. Binomial Probability Paper (BIPP)
 5. Moving Avarage and Moving Range Charts 
 6. Problems 
 7. Selected References

Part 5. Some Statistics Useful in Industrial Research 

24. Estimation of Lot and Process Characteristics 
 1. Point Estimation 
 2. Confidence Intervals
 3. Problems
 4. Selected References

25. Tests of Hypotheses Pertaining to Proportions, Means and Variances
 1. The Theory of Testing Hypotheses
 2. Test of Hypotheses Pertaining to a Fraction Nonconforming
 3. Test of Hypotheses Pertaining to a Universe Mean 
 4. Test of Hypotheses Pertaining to a Variance or Standart Deviation 
 5. Lists of Steps in Testing Hypotheses
 6. Determination of the Size of the Sample 
 7. A Point of Logic
 8. Problems
 9. Selected References 

26. Tests Pertaining to the Difference between Two Proportions, Means or Variances
 1. Tests Pertaining to the Difference between Two Propotions 
 2. Tests Pertaining to the Difference between Two Means
 3. Tests Pertaining to the Ratio of Two Variances
 4. Problems 

27. Tests of Normality
 1. Graphic Methods
 2. The X2 Tests of Goodness of Fit
 3. Use of Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis
 4. Problems 
 5. Selected References

28. Contingency Tables and X2 Tests
 1. 2 x 2 Tables
 2. r x c Tables
 3. Testing for nHomogeneity of a Set of Percentages 
 4. Comparison of Nonconformities per Unit and Other Poisson Variables 
 5. The Operating Characteristics of X2 Tests
 6. Problems
 7. Selected References

29. Analysis of Variance 
 1. Analysis of Variance for a One-Way Classification 
 2. Analysis of Variance for a Two-Way Classification with a Single Case in Each Class
 3. Problems
 4. Selected References

30. Analysis of Variance (continued)
 1. Two-Way Classification with More than One but an Equal Number of Cases in Each Class
 2. Analysis of Variance for a Three-Way Classification, a Single Case in Each Class
 3. Nested Classifications 
 4. Assumptions Underlying Analysis of Variance 
 5. Analysis of Variance versus X- and R-Charts 
 6. Problems
 7. Selected References

31. Analyses Supplementary to and Associated with Analysis of Variance 
 1. Additional Analyses pertaining to Means
 2. Tests of Homogeneity of Variances
 3. Analyses of Components of Variances
 4. Assumptions Underlying Analysis of Variance 
 5. Analysis of Variance versus X- and R-Charts 
 6. Problems
 7. Selected References

32. Regression and Correlation: Two Variables
 1. Bivariate Frequency Distributions
 2. Important Characteristics of Bivariate Frequency Distributions and Their Measurements
 3. Estimation of a Universe Regression and Standart Error of Estimate from Sample Data
 4. An Example for Ungrouped Data
 5. An Example for Grouped Data
 6. Use of the Line of Regression and Standart Error of Estimating in Making Estimates
 7. Sampling Errors when the Origin is at X2 = X2 – X1=0
 8. The Coefficent of Correlation 
 9. Problems
 10. Selected References

33. Regression and Correlation: Three and More Variables
 1. Trivariate Regressions 
 2. Regressions Involving More than Three Variables
 3. Nonlinear Regressions 
 4. Problems
 5. Selected References

34. Analysis of Covariance
 1. Uses of Analysis of Covariance 
 2. Adjusting for Nuisance Effects by Analysis of Covariance 
 3. Comparison of Slopes of Lines of Regressions 
 4. Problems 
 5. Selected References 

35. The Design of Experiments
 1. Designing an Experiment for Analyzing the Effects of a Single Factor
 2. Designing an Experiment for Analyzing the Effects of a Several Factors
 3. Problems
 4. Selected References

36. The Design of Experiments (continued)
 1. Confounding in Factorial Experiments 
 2. Fractional Replication 
 3. Problems 
 4. Selected References